Conscience and commerce in Georgian Waterford

Despite the tyranny of the Penal Laws, Waterford was unique among Irish cities in the toleration that existed between the two main religious groups, writes Julian Walton.


Conscience and commerce in Georgian Waterford

When Waterford surrendered to the Parliamentary army in 1650, the Corporation was dissolved and the city placed under military rule. The junta of mainly Roman Catholic families that had ruled the city for the preceding two centuries — Walshes, Sherlocks, Whites and so on — was displaced; some who had estates outside the city were ‘compensated’ with lands in Connaught, others who had commercial contacts in Europe betook themselves to France, Spain and further afield, and some simply disappeared. Many, however, remained in the city and hoped for better things to come.

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